Alzet Osmotic Pumps 是體積只有膠囊大小的滲透壓泵，可植入實(shí)驗(yàn)動物皮下或腹腔內(nèi),  直接或通過導(dǎo)管以 µl/小時 的速度持續(xù)準(zhǔn)確地輸注測試藥劑。這種輸注根據(jù)所使用的泵，可以在動物清醒無束縛條件下最長持續(xù)6個星期。 

 

 

   Alzet Osmotic Pumps符合 USP 醫(yī)療用塑膠材料生物相容性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，適合植入實(shí)驗(yàn)動物體內(nèi)，針對特定部位給藥，或?qū)⑺巹┯脤?dǎo)管導(dǎo)入作用部位, 例如: 脊髓及顱腔內(nèi), 血管內(nèi), 肝臟, 脾臟及其它臟器腫瘤和創(chuàng)傷處。
    在全球各地八千項(xiàng)生命科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究中,  Alzet pumps已成功的運(yùn)送上百種藥劑，包括蛋白質(zhì), 多肽, 生長因子, 基因研究及治療中的Antisense 和 最新的干擾RNA ( RNAi), 抗生素, 化療藥, 激素, 類固醇及其它短效期的化合物。特別在心血管疾病及神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的研究中, 通過ALZET Osmotic pumps持續(xù)給藥還可以建立多種疾病的動物模型, 如高血壓及Parkinson帕金森病的動物模型。加上成千上萬篇的文獻(xiàn)支持，使其在動物細(xì)胞給藥、動物模型建構(gòu)、藥物及分子篩選、藥理藥代藥效等眾多領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

技術(shù)參數(shù):
共有3個容量尺寸，12個型號的滲透壓泵。各型號泵的緩釋速率及持續(xù)時間不同。見下圖：

·       AlZET腦輸注附件套
    ALZET微滲透壓泵通過腦輸注附件套，進(jìn)行直接的腦部藥物輸注。已經(jīng)有成百上千關(guān)于神經(jīng)科學(xué)的文獻(xiàn)發(fā)表，輸注的藥物包括生長因子，siRNA，精神藥物等。


PE聚乙烯實(shí)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)管和Vinyl乙烯基實(shí)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)管
    ALZET微滲透泵通過實(shí)驗(yàn)導(dǎo)管，可將物質(zhì)輸注到動靜脈循環(huán)，腦部，任何器官腔內(nèi)，或固體組織內(nèi)。
PE管及VINYL管技術(shù)參數(shù):


導(dǎo)管

 

·       大鼠頸靜脈導(dǎo)管

·       大鼠股動脈導(dǎo)管

·       大鼠鞘內(nèi)導(dǎo)管

·       小鼠頸靜脈導(dǎo)管

·       小鼠鞘內(nèi)導(dǎo)管

 

ALZET Osmotic pumps are miniature, implantable pumps used for research in mice, rats, and other laboratory animals. These infusion pumps continuously deliver drugs, hormones, and other test agents at controlled rates from one day to four weeks without the need for external connections or frequent handling. Their unattended operation eliminates the need for repeated nighttime or weekend dosing.

    ALZET pumps can be used for systemic administration when implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. They can be attached to a catheter for intravenous, intracerebral, or intra-arterial infusion. ALZET pumps can also be used for targeted delivery, where the effects of a drug or test agent are localized in a particular tissue or organ, by means of a catheter. The pumps have been used to target delivery to a wide variety of sites including the spinal cord, spleen, liver, organ or tissue transplants, and wound healing sites.    

      ALZET pumps have been used in thousands of studies on the effects of controlled delivery of a wide range of experimental agents, including peptides, growth factors, cytokines, chemotherapeutic drugs, addictive drugs, hormones, steroids, and antibodies. Due to the unique mechanism by which ALZET pumps operate, compounds of any molecular conformation can be delivered predictably at controlled rates, independent of their physical and chemical properties. A bibliography of pump work which has been documented in the scientific literature is available, as is information on the osmotic delivery mechanism of ALZET pumps.

Specifications and Materials

The tables below review the specifications, dimensions and materials of ALZET osmotic pumps.

(Point and click on the pump model link to download a PDF version of the "instruction and specification sheet" for the selected pump model)

ALZET Pump Model	1003D	1007D	1002	2001D	2001	2002	2004	2ML1	2ML2	2ML4
Nominal Pumping Rate (µL/hr)	1.0	0.5	0.25	8.0	1.0	0.5	0.25	10.0	5.0	2.5
Nominal Duration	3 Days	7 Days	14 Days	1 Day	1 Week	2 Weeks	4 Weeks	1 Week	2 Weeks	4 Weeks
Nominal Reservoir Volume	100 µL			200 µL				2 mL

Note: the nominal performance is a target for all pumps manufactured. Individual lots of pumps may vary from this target within limits. Each lot of ALZET osmotic pumps is tested at DURECT to determine the exact pumping rate and reservoir volume and to ensure accurate compound delivery. These data are provided with each order.  

ALZET Pump Model	1003D	1007D	1002	2001D	2001	2002	2004	2ML1	2ML2	2ML4
Length (cm)	1.5			3.0				5.1
Diameter (cm)	0.6			0.7				1.4
Weight (g)	0.4			1.1				5.1
Total Displaced Volume (ml)	0.5			1.0				6.5

 

 

ALZET Pump Model	1003D	1007D	1002	2001D	2001	2002	2004	2ML1	2ML2	2ML4
Length (cm, tube only)	1.1			2.2				3.5
Gauge (tube)	27			27				25
O.D. (cm)	0.04			0.04				0.05
I.D. (cm)	0.02			0.02				0.03

ALZET Pump Model	1003D	1007D	1002	2001D	2001	2002	2004	2ML1	2ML2	2ML4
Length (cm)	1.3			2.4				4.6
Gauge (tube)	21			21				21
O.D. (cm, tube)	0.08			0.08				0.08
I.D. (cm, tube)	0.05			0.05				0.05
Weight (g)	0.05			0.2				0.9
Material (flange)	Styrene Acrylonitrile
Material (cap)	N/A			Polyethylene
Material (tube)	Stainless Steel 304

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pump Materials:     All ALZET pumps are composed of the following materials:

Outer Membrane: Cellulose Ester Blend

Drug Reservoir: Thermoplastic Hydrocarbon Elastomer

 

Frequently Asked Questions About ALZET^® Osmotic Pumps

The following topics are covered:

ALZET pumps operate by osmotic displacement. An empty reservoir within the core of the pump is filled with the drug or hormone solution to be delivered. Due to the presence of a high concentration of salt in a chamber surrounding the reservoir (but isolated from it by an impermeable layer), water enters the pump through its outer surface (a semipermeable layer). The entry of water increases the volume in the salt chamber, causing compression of the flexible reservoir and delivery of the drug solution into the animal via the exit port.

Yes, the delivery rate of ALZET pumps is linear. Each batch of pumps is calibrated in our Quality Assurance laboratories. The mean rate of delivery, the accuracy of pumping over time, and pump-to-pump consistency are all measured. The resulting release rate and fill volume (including standard deviations) are provided to you on the instruction sheet in each box of pumps.

ALZET pumps are most commonly used in rodents. The pumps may be implanted in animals other than rodents such as primates, pigs, sheep, rabbits, dogs, chickens, cattle, fish, and cats. In animals which are not homeothermic, the pumping rate of osmotic pumps may be different than the specified rate. Equations are available which allow researchers to calculate the temperature dependent pumping rate at a given body temperature.

Minimum rodent sizes for implantation are given in the following table:

N.R. = Implantation is not recommended
N.A. = Not applicable

Please note: The minimum animal size estimates are based on our experience with male Sprague Dawley rats and Swiss Webster mice. When using the pumps with other strains or genders of rats and mice, or with animals other than rodents, these guidelines should be modified accordingly.

Virtually every compound can be delivered by the pumps, including peptides, hormones, steroids, radioisotopes, chemotherapeutic agents, growth factors, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals. Molecular weight, physical conformation, and chemical properties do not affect the delivery rate of a given compound. For information about the delivery of a specific compound or class of compounds, please contact ALZET Technical Services by e-mail at alzet@durect.com or by phone at (800) 692-2990 or (408) 367-4036. Additionally, your agent may be listed in our bibliography posted on our web site.

For systemic administration, ALZET pumps can be implanted subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. ALZET pumps can also be attached to a catheter for intravenous, intra-arterial, intraluminal, intragastric, or intracranial administration. Attachment to a catheter does not change the pumping rate of the pumps, nor are any special materials required to connect catheter tubing to the pumps. Refer to Catheter Applications for instructions.

The table shown below lists solvents known to be compatible with ALZET pumps. Additional solvents may be compatible, but should be tested before use with the ALZAID Test Kit.

·        Acids, with pH greater than 1.8

·        Bases, with pH less than 14

·        Cremophor EL, up to 25% in water

·        Culture media (1% benzyl alcohol as bacteriostatic)

·        Dextrose, up to 5%, in water or NaCl

·        N,N-Dimethyl formamide (DMF), up to 25% in water

·        DMSO, up to 50% in water or polyethylene glycol

·        DMSO, up to 50% in ethanol (≤15% ) and water

·        Ethanol, up to 15% in water

·        Glycerol

·        1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone, up to 12.5% in water

·        Phosphate buffer

·        Polyethylene glycol 300 or 400, neat or in water

·        Propylene glycol, neat or in water

·        Ringer’s solution (with or without lactate)

·        Saline, 0.9% (or other aqueous salt solution)

·        Serum (rat, mouse, etc.)

·        Solutol, up to 30% in water

·        Triacetin, up to 5% in water

·        Tween 80, up to 2%

·        Water, distilled

Natural oils and organic solvents are NOT compatible with ALZET pumps. Contact with these substances can result in pump malfunction.

Subcutaneous implantation is a simple surgical procedure which can usually be performed very quickly. For more information on surgical procedures, or for a videotape of surgical techniques, contact ALZET Technical Services by e-mail at alzet@durect.com or by phone at (800) 692-2990 or (408) 367-4036.

No, they cannot be reused. Because of their mechanism of operation, ALZET pumps can only be used a single time. The implantation of used pumps as control or sham pumps is not recommended as these pumps will swell and can leak concentrated salt solutions.

ALZET pumps are have a shelf life of at least 5 to 7 years if stored at room temperature in their original package. Exposure to the following conditions should be avoided:

·        Excessive heat (above 120°F)

·        Freezing 

·        Refrigeration (refrigerated environments are moisture-rich)

·        Excessive moisture or humidity

The actual duration of an ALZET pump is at least as long as the specified duration. In many cases it may be 10% to 20% longer than the stated duration due to variations in the reservoir volume and pumping rate of specific lots. To calculate the actual duration perform the following steps:

Usable Reservoir Volume = Reservoir Volume x 0.95

Duration (hours) = Usable Reservoir Volume (µl) / Mean Pumping Rate (µl/hr)

Duration (days) = Duration (hours) / 24